Glazing Agents
Glazing agents (E900–E914 and others) are applied to the surface of food to provide a protective coating or attractive shine. They include waxes like carnauba wax (E903) and beeswax (E901), shellac (E904) derived from lac insects, and synthetic alternatives. They are used on confectionery, fresh produce, and pharmaceutical tablets. Shellac is of particular regulatory interest: it is of insect origin (which raises vegan and dietary concerns), and its use on fresh produce is subject to mandatory labelling in many jurisdictions.
Factual Regulatory Reference
This database provides factual regulatory information compiled from official government sources. It does not constitute medical, nutritional, or safety advice. Regulatory status varies by country and is subject to change. Always refer to your local regulatory authority for the most current information.
All Glazing Agents (12 additives)
Frequently Asked Questions
Is shellac (E904) vegan?
Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac insect (Kerria lacca). It is not vegan and not acceptable for some vegetarian dietary frameworks. In the EU, shellac is approved for use on fresh citrus fruit and confectionery, and labelling requirements must include its E number (E904). Vegan certification bodies consider shellac non-compliant. Its use on fresh produce means consumers may unknowingly consume an insect-derived coating on fruit.
Are waxes used on fresh fruit safe?
Carnauba wax (E903, from the carnauba palm) and beeswax (E901) are widely applied to fresh produce, particularly citrus fruits, apples, and cucumbers, to reduce moisture loss and extend shelf life. Both are approved by EFSA, FDA, and JECFA with no specified ADI. The wax coating replaces natural waxes removed during commercial washing. EU regulations require labelling when such coatings are applied to fresh produce, using terms like "waxed" on price labels or packaging.
What is the "may have adverse effect on activity and attention in children" warning for?
This warning is specifically required for foods containing the six Southampton azo dyes (E102, E104, E110, E122, E124, E129) — it does not apply to glazing agents. However, some glazing agents like shellac (E904) used on confectionery may be present alongside these dyes in the same product. Always check the specific ingredient list rather than product category for applicable warnings.