humectant INS 422

Glycerol E422

polyol β€” Primarily natural/synthetic.

πŸ‡ͺπŸ‡Ί EU: Approved
πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ USA: Approved
πŸ‡―πŸ‡΅ Japan: Approved
πŸ‡¦πŸ‡Ί AU/NZ: Approved
πŸ‡¨πŸ‡¦ Canada: Approved
Scientific Name

1,2,3-Propanetriol

CAS: 56-81-5

Data verified: 2026-04-04

Factual Regulatory Reference

This database provides factual regulatory information compiled from official government sources. It does not constitute medical, nutritional, or safety advice. Regulatory status varies by country and is subject to change. Always refer to your local regulatory authority for the most current information.

? Did You Know?

Glycerol occurs naturally in all fats and oils (as triglyceride backbone) and all living cells. Many people consume it daily without realizing it's also a listed food additive.

Glycerol is derived from plant materials β€” its origin is more natural than its E-number might suggest.

Beyond food, Glycerol is also used in cosmetics, medicine, industrial applications, household products. Its versatility makes it one of the most multi-purpose chemical compounds in everyday life.

Detailed Regulatory Assessment

πŸ‡ͺπŸ‡Ί

European Union (EFSA)

approved Max: quantum satis mg/kg

Widely permitted in most food categories with no upper limit

πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ

United States (FDA)

approved GRAS

Generally recognized as one of the safest food additives

πŸ‡―πŸ‡΅

Japan (MHLW)

approved Cat: ζ—’ε­˜ζ·»εŠ η‰©

Compliant with Japanese food sanitation law.

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

International Standard (JECFA)

Not specified

mg/kg body weight per day

European Standard (EFSA)

Not specified

Natural Occurrence

Glycerol forms the backbone of all fats and oils (triglycerides) in nature. It is found in every living cell and is released naturally during the saponification process in soap-making.

all fats and oils (as triglyceride backbone)all living cells

Manufacturing

Method: multiple methods

Modern glycerol is primarily produced as a byproduct of biodiesel and soap production from vegetable oils (soy, palm, coconut). Can also be synthesized from petrochemical propylene, or derived from animal fats (less common today). Most commercial glycerol is now plant-based.

Applications Beyond Food

Cosmetics

Extensively used in skincare, lotions, creams, toothpaste, and mouthwash as a moisturizer and humectant.

Medical

Common in suppositories, cough syrups, ear drops, and as a vehicle for medications.

Industrial

Used in antifreeze, de-icing fluids, and as a precursor for explosives (nitroglycerin/dynamite).

Household

Found in e-cigarette liquid, personal lubricants, and food preservation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Glycerol (E422)?
Glycerol (E422) is a humectant used in food products. It is polyol and natural/synthetic. Glycerol forms the backbone of all fats and oils (triglycerides) in nature. It is found in every living cell and is released naturally during the saponification process in soap-making.
Where is Glycerol found naturally?
Glycerol is naturally found in all fats and oils (as triglyceride backbone), all living cells. Glycerol forms the backbone of all fats and oils (triglycerides) in nature. It is found in every living cell and is released naturally during the saponification process in soap-making.
What foods contain Glycerol?
Glycerol is used in various food categories including Fine bakery wares, Other confectionery, Chewing gum. It is used as a humectant in these products.
Is Glycerol the same as Glycerin?
Yes, Glycerol is also known as Glycerin, Glycerine, Glycyl alcohol, Propanetriol, Vegetable glycerin. These are different names for the same substance.