sweetener INS 421

Mannitol E421

polyol β€” Primarily natural/synthetic.

πŸ‡ͺπŸ‡Ί EU: Approved
πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ USA: Approved
πŸ‡―πŸ‡΅ Japan: Approved
πŸ‡¦πŸ‡Ί AU/NZ: Approved
πŸ‡¨πŸ‡¦ Canada: Approved
Scientific Name

D-Mannitol

CAS: 69-65-8

Data verified: 2026-04-04

Factual Regulatory Reference

This database provides factual regulatory information compiled from official government sources. It does not constitute medical, nutritional, or safety advice. Regulatory status varies by country and is subject to change. Always refer to your local regulatory authority for the most current information.

? Did You Know?

Mannitol occurs naturally in mushrooms and seaweed. Many people consume it daily without realizing it's also a listed food additive.

Mannitol is derived from seaweed, a practice that originated centuries ago in East Asian cooking traditions.

Beyond food, Mannitol is also used in cosmetics, medicine. Its versatility makes it one of the most multi-purpose chemical compounds in everyday life.

Detailed Regulatory Assessment

πŸ‡ͺπŸ‡Ί

European Union (EFSA)

approved Max: quantum satis mg/kg

Permitted in most food categories

πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ

United States (FDA)

approved GRAS

Regulated as a direct food additive under FDA CFR titles.

πŸ‡―πŸ‡΅

Japan (MHLW)

approved Cat: ζ—’ε­˜ζ·»εŠ η‰©

Compliant with Japanese food sanitation law.

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

International Standard (JECFA)

Not specified

mg/kg body weight per day

European Standard (EFSA)

Not specified

Natural Occurrence

A sugar alcohol found naturally in many plants and fungi, especially abundant in mushrooms and brown seaweed. Historically extracted from the manna ash tree, which secretes sweet sap called 'manna'.

mushroomsseaweedceleryolivesmanna ash tree

Manufacturing

Method: hydrogenation

Commercially produced by catalytic hydrogenation of fructose or mannose. Can also be extracted from seaweed, but synthetic production from fructose is more common and economical.

Applications Beyond Food

Cosmetics

Used in skincare products as a humectant and texture enhancer.

Medical

Widely used as an osmotic diuretic drug for reducing brain swelling and intracranial pressure. Also used in kidney function tests and as a coating for tablets.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Mannitol (E421)?
Mannitol (E421) is a sweetener used in food products. It is polyol and natural/synthetic. A sugar alcohol found naturally in many plants and fungi, especially abundant in mushrooms and brown seaweed. Historically extracted from the manna ash tree, which secretes sweet sap called 'manna'.
Where is Mannitol found naturally?
Mannitol is naturally found in mushrooms, seaweed, celery, olives, manna ash tree. A sugar alcohol found naturally in many plants and fungi, especially abundant in mushrooms and brown seaweed. Historically extracted from the manna ash tree, which secretes sweet sap called 'manna'.
What foods contain Mannitol?
Mannitol is used in various food categories including Other confectionery including breath refreshing microsweets, Chewing gum. It is used as a sweetener in these products.
Is Mannitol the same as Manna sugar?
Yes, Mannitol is also known as Manna sugar, Mannite, D-Mannitol. These are different names for the same substance.