preservative INS 280

Propionic Acid E280

antimicrobial — Primarily natural_or_synthetic.

🇪🇺 EU: Approved
🇺🇸 USA: Approved
🇯🇵 Japan: Approved
🇦🇺 AU/NZ: Approved
🇨🇦 Canada: Approved
Scientific Name

Propanoic acid

CAS: 79-09-4

Data verified: 2026-04-04

Factual Regulatory Reference

This database provides factual regulatory information compiled from official government sources. It does not constitute medical, nutritional, or safety advice. Regulatory status varies by country and is subject to change. Always refer to your local regulatory authority for the most current information.

? Did You Know?

Propionic Acid occurs naturally in Swiss cheese and other fermented dairy and Produced by gut bacteria during fiber fermentation. Many people consume it daily without realizing it's also a listed food additive.

Propionic Acid is produced through fermentation — the same biological process used to make bread, beer, and yogurt.

Beyond food, Propionic Acid is also used in cosmetics, medicine, industrial applications. Its versatility makes it one of the most multi-purpose chemical compounds in everyday life.

Detailed Regulatory Assessment

🇪🇺

European Union (EFSA)

approved Max: varies by food category mg/kg

None

🇺🇸

United States (FDA)

approved GRAS

Generally recognized as safe

🇯🇵

Japan (MHLW)

approved Cat: 指定添加物

Compliant with Japanese food sanitation law.

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

International Standard (JECFA)

Not specified (ADI not limited)

mg/kg body weight per day

European Standard (EFSA)

Not specified

Everyday Perspective

For a 60kg adult, this limit is roughly equivalent to consuming:

Natural Occurrence

A naturally occurring short-chain fatty acid produced by bacterial fermentation. Particularly effective against mold and rope-forming bacteria in baked goods.

Swiss cheese and other fermented dairyProduced by gut bacteria during fiber fermentationSmall amounts in many foods

Manufacturing

Method: chemical synthesis or bacterial fermentation

Industrially produced by hydrocarboxylation of ethylene with carbon monoxide and water, or by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates.

Applications Beyond Food

Cosmetics

Preservative in cosmetic formulations

Medical

Antifungal agent

Industrial

Herbicide, grain preservative, chemical intermediate

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Propionic Acid (E280)?
Propionic Acid (E280) is a preservative used in food products. It is antimicrobial and natural_or_synthetic. A naturally occurring short-chain fatty acid produced by bacterial fermentation. Particularly effective against mold and rope-forming bacteria in baked goods.
Where is Propionic Acid found naturally?
Propionic Acid is naturally found in Swiss cheese and other fermented dairy, Produced by gut bacteria during fiber fermentation, Small amounts in many foods. A naturally occurring short-chain fatty acid produced by bacterial fermentation. Particularly effective against mold and rope-forming bacteria in baked goods.
What is the ADI for Propionic Acid?
The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for Propionic Acid is Not specified (ADI not limited) as established by JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). ADI represents the amount that can be consumed daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk.
What foods contain Propionic Acid?
Propionic Acid is used in various food categories including Bread and rolls. It is used as a preservative in these products.
Is Propionic Acid the same as Propanoic acid?
Yes, Propionic Acid is also known as Propanoic acid, Methylacetic acid, Ethylformic acid. These are different names for the same substance.