preservative (antimicrobial peptide, bacteriocin) INS 234

Nisin E234

natural antimicrobial — Primarily NATURAL (produced by bacteria).

🇪🇺 EU: Approved
🇺🇸 USA: Approved
🇯🇵 Japan: Approved
🇦🇺 AU/NZ: Approved
🇨🇦 Canada: Approved
Scientific Name

Nisin (polycyclic antibacterial peptide)

CAS: 1414-45-5

Data verified: 2026-04-04

Factual Regulatory Reference

This database provides factual regulatory information compiled from official government sources. It does not constitute medical, nutritional, or safety advice. Regulatory status varies by country and is subject to change. Always refer to your local regulatory authority for the most current information.

? Did You Know?

Nisin occurs naturally in Produced by Lactococcus lactis bacteria during fermentation. Many people consume it daily without realizing it's also a listed food additive.

Nisin is produced through fermentation — the same biological process used to make bread, beer, and yogurt.

Nisin isn't just a food additive — it's also used in medicine.

Detailed Regulatory Assessment

🇪🇺

European Union (EFSA)

approved Max: varies by food category mg/kg

Approved for use in various food categories including cheese, canned vegetables, and dairy desserts

Official EFSA Link
🇺🇸

United States (FDA)

approved GRAS

Affirmed as GRAS for use in pasteurized cheese spreads and other foods

🇯🇵

Japan (MHLW)

approved Cat: 既存添加物

Approved as existing food additive (natural origin)

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

International Standard (JECFA)

0–0.13 mg/kg bw/day (expressed as pure nisin)

mg/kg body weight per day

European Standard (EFSA)

0.13 mg/kg bw/day

Everyday Perspective

For a 60kg adult, this limit is roughly equivalent to consuming:

!
~20 of servings of processed cheese (30g)
~0.375mg per serving
!
~5 of servings of canned vegetables (150g)
~1.5mg per serving

Natural Occurrence

NATURAL preservative produced by 'good bacteria' (Lactococcus lactis) during fermentation. A 'bacteriocin' - literally a peptide made by bacteria to kill other bacteria. Works like a natural antibiotic but is NOT considered an antibiotic. Discovered in 1928 (same era as penicillin!) at a Nissan cheese factory in England. Named after the Latin 'Nisus'. Breaks down in stomach acid, so no impact on gut bacteria. One of the safest preservatives - made by the same bacteria used to make cheese.

Produced by Lactococcus lactis bacteria during fermentation

Manufacturing

Method: natural fermentation

Produced by fermentation using Lactococcus lactis bacteria, then purified and concentrated for use as a food preservative.

Applications Beyond Food

Medical

Research into antimicrobial applications

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Nisin (E234)?
Nisin (E234) is a preservative (antimicrobial peptide, bacteriocin) used in food products. It is natural antimicrobial and NATURAL (produced by bacteria). NATURAL preservative produced by 'good bacteria' (Lactococcus lactis) during fermentation. A 'bacteriocin' - literally a peptide made by bacteria to kill other bacteria. Works like a natural antibiotic but is NOT considered an antibiotic. Discovered in 1928 (same era as penicillin!) at a Nissan cheese factory in England. Named after the Latin 'Nisus'. Breaks down in stomach acid, so no impact on gut bacteria. One of the safest preservatives - made by the same bacteria used to make cheese.
Where is Nisin found naturally?
Nisin is naturally found in Produced by Lactococcus lactis bacteria during fermentation. NATURAL preservative produced by 'good bacteria' (Lactococcus lactis) during fermentation. A 'bacteriocin' - literally a peptide made by bacteria to kill other bacteria. Works like a natural antibiotic but is NOT considered an antibiotic. Discovered in 1928 (same era as penicillin!) at a Nissan cheese factory in England. Named after the Latin 'Nisus'. Breaks down in stomach acid, so no impact on gut bacteria. One of the safest preservatives - made by the same bacteria used to make cheese.
What is the ADI for Nisin?
The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for Nisin is 0–0.13 mg/kg bw/day (expressed as pure nisin) as established by JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). ADI represents the amount that can be consumed daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk.
What foods contain Nisin?
Nisin is used in various food categories including Unripened cheese, Canned or bottled vegetables. It is used as a preservative (antimicrobial peptide, bacteriocin) in these products.