colour INS 120

Cochineal E120

natural — Primarily insect-derived.

🇪🇺 EU: Approved
🇺🇸 USA: Approved
🇯🇵 Japan: Approved
🇦🇺 AU/NZ: Approved
🇨🇦 Canada: Approved
Scientific Name

Carminic acid

CAS: 1260-17-9

Data verified: 2026-04-03

Factual Regulatory Reference

This database provides factual regulatory information compiled from official government sources. It does not constitute medical, nutritional, or safety advice. Regulatory status varies by country and is subject to change. Always refer to your local regulatory authority for the most current information.

? Did You Know?

Cochineal occurs naturally in Cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus). Many people consume it daily without realizing it's also a listed food additive.

Beyond food, Cochineal is also used in cosmetics, medicine, industrial applications. Its versatility makes it one of the most multi-purpose chemical compounds in everyday life.

Detailed Regulatory Assessment

🇪🇺

European Union (EFSA)

approved Max: varies by food category mg/kg

Must be labeled clearly; cannot be labeled simply as 'natural color'

🇺🇸

United States (FDA)

approved Exempt from certification

Must be specifically declared on ingredient labels

🇯🇵

Japan (MHLW)

approved Cat: 既存添加物

Compliant with Japanese food sanitation law.

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

International Standard (JECFA)

0–5 mg/kg bw/day

mg/kg body weight per day

European Standard (EFSA)

5 mg/kg bw/day

Natural Occurrence

A natural red dye extracted from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects, which live on prickly pear cacti.

Cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus)

Manufacturing

Method: extraction

Extracted from dried cochineal insects using aqueous ethanol or water, followed by purification. Approximately 70,000 insects are needed to produce 1 pound of dye.

Applications Beyond Food

Cosmetics

Widely used in lipsticks, blushes, and other color cosmetics.

Medical

Used as a colorant in tablets and capsules.

Industrial

Used in textile dyeing and art supplies.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Cochineal (E120)?
Cochineal (E120) is a colour used in food products. It is natural and insect-derived. A natural red dye extracted from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects, which live on prickly pear cacti.
Where is Cochineal found naturally?
Cochineal is naturally found in Cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus). A natural red dye extracted from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects, which live on prickly pear cacti.
What is the ADI for Cochineal?
The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for Cochineal is 0–5 mg/kg bw/day as established by JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). ADI represents the amount that can be consumed daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk.
What foods contain Cochineal?
Cochineal is used in various food categories including Flavoured fermented milk products, Other confectionery. It is used as a colour in these products.
Is Cochineal the same as Carmine?
Yes, Cochineal is also known as Carmine, Carminic acid, CI 75470, Natural Red 4. These are different names for the same substance.